Farms or forests? understanding and mapping shifting cultivation using the case study of West Garo hills, India

Kurien, Amit John and Lele, Sharachchandra and Nagendra, Harini (2019) Farms or forests? understanding and mapping shifting cultivation using the case study of West Garo hills, India. Land, 8 (9). pp. 1-26.

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Abstract

Attempts to study shifting cultivation landscapes are fundamentally impeded by the difficulty in mapping and distinguishing shifting cultivation, settled farms and forests. There are foundational challenges in defining shifting cultivation and its constituent land-covers and land-uses, conceptualizing a suitable mapping framework, and identifying consequent methodological specifications. Our objective is to present a rigorous methodological framework and mapping protocol, couple it with extensive fieldwork and use them to undertake a two-season Landsat image analysis to map the forest-agriculture frontier of West Garo Hills district, Meghalaya, in Northeast India. We achieve an overall accuracy of ~80% and find that shifting cultivation is the most extensive land-use, followed by tree plantations and old-growth forest confined to only a few locations. We have also found that commercial plantation extent is positively correlated with shortened fallow periods and high land-use intensities. Our findings are in sharp contrast to various official reports and studies, including from the Forest Survey of India, the Wastelands Atlas of India and state government statistics that show the landscape as primarily forested with only small fractions under shifting cultivation, a consequence of the lack of clear definitions and poor understanding of what constitutes shifting cultivation and forest. Our results call for an attentive revision of India’s official land-use mapping protocols, and have wider significance for remote sensing-based mapping in other shifting cultivation landscapes.

Item Type: Article
Authors: Kurien, Amit John and Lele, Sharachchandra and Nagendra, Harini
Uncontrolled Keywords: Jhum, Swidden, Shifting cultivation, Land use mapping, Wasteland, Social construction, Forest classification, Forest Survey of India, Meghalaya, India
Subjects: Natural Sciences > Life sciences; biology > Ecology
Divisions: Azim Premji University > School of Development
Full Text Status: Public
URI: http://publications.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/id/eprint/2076
Publisher URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/land8090133

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